Abstract

We develop a semi-supervised learning method that constrains the posterior distribution of latent variables under a generative model to satisfy a rich set of feature expectation constraints estimated with labeled data. This approach encourages the generative model to discover latent structure that is relevant to a prediction task. We estimate parameters with a coordinate ascent algorithm, one step of which involves training a discriminative log-linear model with an embedded generative model. This hybrid model can be used for test time prediction. Unlike other high-performance semi-supervised methods, the proposed algorithm converges to a stationary point of a single objective function, and affords additional flexibility, for example to use different latent and output spaces. We conduct experiments on three sequence labeling tasks, achieving the best reported results on two of them, and showing promising results on CoNLL03 NER.