Abstract
Ensemble learning with output from multiple supervised and unsupervised models aims to improve the classification accuracy of supervised model ensemble by jointly considering the grouping results from unsupervised models. In this paper we cast this ensemble task as an unconstrained probabilistic embedding problem. Specifically, we assume both objects and classes/clusters have latent coordinates without constraints in a D-dimensional Euclidean space, and consider the mapping from the embedded space into the space of results from supervised and unsupervised models as a probabilistic generative process. The prediction of an object is then determined by the distances between the object and the classes in the embedded space. A solution of this embedding can be obtained using the quasi-Newton method, resulting in the objects and classes/clusters with high co-occurrence weights being embedded close. We demonstrate the benefits of this unconstrained embedding method by three real applications.