Abstract
This paper focuses on computing ?rst-order theories under either stable model semantics or circumscription. A reduction from ?rst-order theories to logic programs under stable model semantics over ?nite structures is proposed, and an embedding of circumscription into stable model semantics is also given. Having such reduction and embedding, reasoning problems represented by ?rst-order theories under these two semantics can then be handled by using existing answer set solvers. The effectiveness of this approach in computing hard problems beyond NP is demonstrated by some experiments.